The scientific achievement attributed to the Eliza Doolittle period of the late 1800s and early 1900s is primarily the development of linguistic anthropology and the study of phonetics. The character Eliza Doolittle, from George Bernard Shaw's play "Pygmalion," highlighted the social implications of language and accent. During this period, linguists such as Henry Sweet and Daniel Jones advanced the understanding of speech sounds and language structure. This era ultimately contributed to the formation of systematic language education and awareness of dialectal differences, influencing both literature and social sciences.