The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), established in 1824, played a significant role in U.S. history by managing relations between the federal government and Native American tribes. It aimed to oversee tribal affairs, land issues, and assimilation policies. The BIA was pivotal in implementing the Indian Removal Act, leading to forced relocations such as the Trail of Tears. Over the years, it has been involved in various initiatives to promote education, economic development, and self-determination for Indigenous peoples, reflecting the changing attitudes toward Native American rights and sovereignty. However, its history also encompasses significant controversy and conflict over treaties and land rights.