The Printing Revolution, initiated by Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the movable-type printing press in the mid-15th century, profoundly changed Europe by democratizing knowledge and information. It facilitated the mass production of books, making literature, science, and religious texts more accessible to the broader public, thereby fostering literacy and learning. This shift played a pivotal role in the spread of Renaissance and Reformation ideas, challenging traditional authorities such as the Church. The dissemination of printed materials accelerated social changes, enabled new intellectual movements, and contributed to the emergence of the modern nation-state by promoting national languages and identities, ultimately transforming European society in fundamental ways.