The political document that recorded the grievances of the American colonies against Britain in 1776 is the Declaration of Independence. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it articulates the colonies' struggles for sovereignty and freedom. The document outlines philosophical principles about rights and governance, emphasizing the idea that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed. It argues against British oppression and justifies the colonies' decision to break away from British rule. The Declaration, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, not only marked a significant moment in American history but also influenced other revolutionary movements across the world.