The pivotal cultural renaissance that occurred in Europe during the 14th to 17th centuries is known as the Renaissance itself. This period was characterized by a revival of interest in the classical art, literature, and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. It began in Italy and spread across Europe, leading to significant developments in visual arts, architecture, science, and philosophy. Key figures include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo. The Renaissance emphasized humanism, which focused on human potential and achievements, and laid the groundwork for the modern world by challenging medieval norms and fostering progress in various fields.