The period known as the Renaissance, which spanned from the 14th to the 17th century, marked a cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe following the Middle Ages. Originating in Italy, the Renaissance was characterized by a renewed interest in classical antiquity, leading to advancements in art, science, and literature. Humanism emerged as a significant philosophical movement, emphasizing the value of individual experience and critical thinking. Artistic masterpieces were created by figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, while scientific inquiry flourished with thinkers like Galileo and Copernicus. The Renaissance laid the foundations for the modern world.