A notable cultural contribution associated with the Italian Renaissance is the flourishing of the arts, exemplified by the works of artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. This period, roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, celebrated humanism, which emphasized the study of classical texts and the potential of human achievement. Innovations in perspective, anatomy, and the use of light transformed visual art, while literature thrived through figures like Dante and Machiavelli. The Renaissance also promoted advancements in science, philosophy, and architecture, significantly shaping Western culture and thinking.