The movement favoring the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine is known as Zionism. It emerged in the late 19th century, primarily in response to widespread anti-Semitism in Europe and the growing national self-determination discourse. Influenced by leaders like Theodor Herzl, Zionism sought to create a sovereign Jewish nation-state, leading to Jewish immigration to Palestine and the establishment of communities there. The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century, culminating in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which supported the idea of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.