The modern conflict that arose over the territorial division of the Middle East after World War I is primarily associated with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Following the war, the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire led to conflicting promises made by British and French authorities regarding land ownership and governance. The Balfour Declaration of 1917, which supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, exacerbated tensions between Jewish and Arab populations. This division and the subsequent establishment of Israel in 1948 led to ongoing disputes over territory, statehood, and autonomy, resulting in numerous wars and continued conflict in the region.