The beginning of the Renaissance period in Europe is often marked by the end of the Middle Ages, specifically around the 14th century, and is characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and learning. It began in Italy and spread throughout Europe, driven by a revival of interest in the Greek and Roman cultures and ideas. The Renaissance was also influenced by factors such as the invention of the printing press, which facilitated the spread of knowledge, and significant developments in art, science, and philosophy. This era produced renowned figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo, profoundly influencing modern Western thought.