The major technological advancement that revolutionized agriculture in the 18th century was the Agricultural Revolution, characterized by innovations such as the seed drill, mechanization, and new crop rotation methods. Key figures like Jethro Tull introduced the seed drill, which planted seeds at optimal depths, enhancing crop efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of selective breeding improved livestock quality. These advancements led to increased agricultural productivity and efficiency, enabling fewer farmers to produce more food. The resulting surplus contributed to population growth and urbanization, setting the stage for the Industrial Revolution and transforming societal structures in Europe.