The Renaissance brought a major shift in Europe’s artistic expression, transitioning from the medieval focus on religious themes to a profound appreciation for humanism, nature, and classical antiquity. This cultural movement, spanning from the 14th to the 17th centuries, emphasized the potential of the individual and the beauty of the natural world. Artists began to employ techniques such as perspective, chiaroscuro, and realism, leading to masterpieces from figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. This transformation not only enhanced the aesthetic quality of art but also reflected broader intellectual and cultural changes in Europe, influencing philosophy, literature, and science.