The major political change that followed the Russian Revolutions of 1917 was the establishment of a Communist government under the Bolsheviks. Led by Vladimir Lenin, the revolution overthrew the provisional government and signified the end of centuries of Czarist rule. The Bolshevik regime implemented sweeping reforms, including land redistribution and the nationalization of industry, aimed at transitioning Russia to a socialist state. This change significantly influenced global politics, contributing to the spread of communism worldwide and igniting ideological conflicts that characterized the 20th century, particularly the Cold War between capitalist and communist blocs.