The major imperial power that controlled India before its independence was Great Britain. The British East India Company initially established control in the 18th century, later transitioning to direct British rule in 1858 after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. British imperialism brought significant economic changes, infrastructure development, and cultural exchanges. However, it also led to exploitation, cultural disruption, and widespread social unrest. The struggle for independence, marked by key figures like Mahatma Gandhi, culminated in India gaining its freedom in 1947, shaping the future of both India and the global decolonization movement.