The major global conflict that erupted in 1945 following the conclusion of World War II was the Cold War. Originating from geopolitical tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War was characterized by ideological rivalry, arms races, and proxy wars, although it did not escalate into direct military confrontation between the superpowers. The conflict had far-reaching effects on international relations, leading to the formation of military alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact. It shaped global politics for decades and spurred developments in technology and espionage.