The major event that took place in England in 1066 was the Norman Conquest, initiated by William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy. Following King Edward the Confessor's death, William claimed the English throne based on a promised succession. The pivotal Battle of Hastings marked his military victory over King Harold II, resulting in significant changes in English society, governance, and culture. The conquest led to the establishment of Norman rule and introduced feudalism, transforming land ownership and influencing the English language, architecture, and legal systems for centuries to come.