The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a significant event in world history. It was captured by the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmed II, leading to the establishment of Istanbul as a major Islamic city. This event also signified the rise of the Ottoman Empire as a dominant power in Southeastern Europe and the Mediterranean region, shifting trade routes and marking a profound cultural transition. The fall is often seen as a pivotal moment that paved the way for the Renaissance in Europe, as scholars fled to the West with ancient texts and knowledge, influencing European thought and culture.