The Industrial Revolution led to major environmental changes, particularly through industrialization, urbanization, and increased resource extraction. Factories emitted pollution, leading to poor air quality and health problems in urban areas. The demand for coal and other raw materials resulted in deforestation, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity. Water pollution became rampant as industrial waste contaminated rivers and lakes. Agricultural practices also transformed, often resulting in soil depletion. The revolution inspired environmental consciousness, highlighting the need for sustainable practices and prompting early conservation movements as society began to recognize the ecological consequences of rapid industrial growth.