The major direct consequence that followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 was the emergence of independent states, particularly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This geopolitical shift led to the end of the Cold War and significant changes in global politics. The dissolution resulted in the establishment of the Russian Federation and other former Soviet republics, each navigating newly-formed identities and governance structures. Additionally, it sparked movements for democracy and economic reform in several countries, while creating challenges such as ethnic conflicts and economic instability across the region.