The landmark decision by the Supreme Court that made segregation in public schools unconstitutional is Brown v. Board of Education, issued in 1954. This unanimous ruling declared that segregated educational facilities were inherently unequal and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case stemmed from several lawsuits challenging segregation laws, particularly in public schools. Brown v. Board of Education significantly impacted the Civil Rights Movement, providing a legal basis for challenging segregation and discrimination, and it fundamentally transformed the American educational system by promoting integration and equal access to quality education for all children.