The historical significance of the Reformation in Europe lies in its profound impact on religion, politics, and society. Initiated in the early 16th century by figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, the Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, leading to the rise of Protestant denominations. It emphasized personal faith, scripture over tradition, and questioned ecclesiastical hierarchy, which fostered debates on governance and morality. The Reformation also contributed to the rise of individualism and sparked religious wars, influencing European history for centuries. Its legacy shapes modern Christianity and has affected cultural and political landscapes across the world.