The establishment of Mao’s Red Guard in 1966 was primarily driven by ideological conflict within the Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong aimed to reassert his authority and promote Communist ideology after perceived setbacks during the Great Leap Forward. He mobilized young people through the Cultural Revolution to challenge the "Four Olds" (old customs, culture, habits, and ideas) and to fight against perceived capitalist influences within the Party. The Red Guards played a pivotal role in attacking intellectuals and officials, leading to widespread chaos and violence. This internal conflict significantly shaped China's political landscape and contributed to severe social upheaval.