Ancient Athens is recognized for establishing several innovative democratic systems that laid the groundwork for modern democracy. Its political structure included direct democracy, where citizens actively participated in decision-making through assembly meetings. The Council of Five Hundred, chosen by lot, prepared legislation for consideration by the assembly. Citizens also exercised their right to vote on key issues and serve in public office. The Athenian approach allowed for broad civic engagement, promoting accountability and transparency. Additionally, the concept of ostracism enabled citizens to exile individuals deemed as threats to the polity, exemplifying early forms of checks against political power.