After the 1917 Revolution, the political landscape of Russia was dominated by Bolshevism, a form of Marxism led by Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks aimed to establish a classless society through revolutionary means, advocating for the working class to seize control of the state. They sought to dismantle the existing capitalist structures and replace them with a socialist regime, fundamentally altering Russian society and governance. The emergence of the Soviet Union marked a significant shift in global politics, as it positioned itself as a counterpoint to Western capitalism and influenced communist movements worldwide throughout the 20th century.