Following the Protestant Reformation, there was a significant ideological shift in Europe characterized by the questioning of traditional authority and the rise of individualism. The Reformation encouraged people to interpret the Bible personally rather than relying solely on church leaders. This shift led to the fragmentation of the Catholic Church's influence, resulting in the establishment of various Protestant denominations. Additionally, ideas of freedom of conscience and religious tolerance began to emerge, laying the groundwork for Enlightenment thought. The Reformation also contributed to the development of modern nation-states and increased the engagement of people in political and social issues, which would further influence democratic ideals.