The historical movement that sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States is known as the Civil Rights Movement. It gained momentum during the mid-20th century, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, as activists and organizations worked tirelessly to challenge institutionalized racism and advocate for the rights of African Americans. Key events, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, were pivotal in advancing the cause. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X played critical roles, inspiring a broader fight for equality and social justice.