Maximilien Robespierre is known for leading the charge during the French Revolution, particularly during the Reign of Terror from 1793 to 1794. As a member of the Committee of Public Safety, he believed in the necessity of drastic measures to prevent counter-revolution and safeguard the Republic. Robespierre championed revolutionary ideals, advocating for social equality and justice, which included the use of guillotines to eliminate perceived enemies of the revolution. Ultimately, his radical approach and growing power led to his downfall, culminating in his execution in 1794, marking a significant turning point in the Revolution.