The historical event that established a constitutional monarchy in England was the Glorious Revolution of 1688. This largely bloodless coup ousted King James II, who was perceived as attempting to reassert royal absolutism. William of Orange and his wife Mary II were invited to take the throne under the condition that they accept a Bill of Rights, which limited the powers of the monarchy and affirmed parliamentary sovereignty. This transition marked a pivotal moment in British history, leading to the development of constitutional law and the establishment of a government that remains influential today.