The historical event marked by the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 was the conclusion of World War I. This treaty imposed significant penalties and reparations on Germany and its allies, redrawing national boundaries and leading to the creation of new nations. The Treaty aimed to establish a framework for lasting peace, but its harsh terms contributed to economic hardship and political instability in Germany, which later fueled the rise of National Socialism and ultimately led to World War II. The treaty is often criticized for its failure to achieve sustainable peace.