The term "New Deal" refers to the series of federal programs and reforms enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. Initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal aimed to provide relief for the unemployed, economic recovery, and financial reform. It introduced various initiatives such as the Social Security Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, and the establishment of agencies like the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The New Deal fundamentally reshaped the relationship between the government and the economy, expanding the federal government's role in economic and social welfare.