The geographical region known as the "cradle of civilization" is Mesopotamia, which is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq. This area is recognized as one of the earliest places where complex societies developed due to its fertile land, which allowed for agriculture. Many important early civilizations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, flourished here, contributing advancements in writing, law, trade, and urbanization. The innovations and cultural achievements that originated in Mesopotamia laid the foundation for subsequent civilizations throughout history.