The Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791, outlines essential freedoms and protections for American citizens. It comprises the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition within the First Amendment. Additional protections include the right to bear arms (Second Amendment), protection against unreasonable searches and seizures (Fourth Amendment), and guarantees of fair trial and due process (Fifth to Eighth Amendments). The Bill of Rights remains a cornerstone of American democracy, serving to safeguard individual liberties and limit governmental power in the pursuit of justice and personal freedom.