Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Russia established a government based on communist principles. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, aimed to create a classless society and dismantle the previous czarist monarchy. They nationalized industry and redistributed land, transitioning the country into a single-party state governed by the Communist Party. This radical shift set a precedent for the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, fundamentally altering the political landscape of Russia. The new government sought to advance Marxist ideology, impacting global politics and leading to ideological conflicts during the 20th century, particularly during the Cold War.