Several factors contributed to the rise of industrialization in the 19th century, including technological advancements, urbanization, and capital investment. The Industrial Revolution saw innovations such as the steam engine and mechanized textile production, which increased productivity and efficiency. Additionally, the availability of natural resources like coal and iron facilitated factory growth. Urbanization led to the migration of labor to cities, creating a workforce for industries. Capital investments from wealthy entrepreneurs and increased access to credit further fueled industrial growth. Governments also played a role by improving infrastructure, such as railroads and telegraphs, which connected markets and promoted economic expansion.