The French Revolution was sparked by a combination of financial crises, social inequality, and Enlightenment ideas. In the late 18th century, France faced severe economic troubles due to excessive royal spending and costly wars, leaving the common people—especially the Third Estate—burdened with heavy taxes. The Enlightenment's emphasis on liberty and equality inspired demands for political reform and justice. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, symbolized the uprising against oppressive monarchy and social injustice, ultimately leading to radical changes in French society and governance.