The event that led to the establishment of the first African republic was the Liberation of Liberia, founded by freed American slaves in the early 19th century. In 1847, Liberia declared its independence, making it the first republic in Africa. It served as a symbol of freedom for African Americans and a destination for those seeking to escape the injustices of slavery. The unique formation of Liberia and its connection to American abolitionist movements highlighted the complexities of post-colonial identities and the struggle for self-determination in Africa.