The U.S. Constitution introduced essential changes following the Articles of Confederation to address fundamental weaknesses in governance. Unlike its predecessor, which created a loose confederation of states with limited federal authority, the Constitution established a stronger central government with an executive branch, a bicameral legislature, and a judiciary. This system introduced a framework of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Additionally, it enabled the federal government to levy taxes, regulate interstate commerce, and maintain a standing army, significantly enhancing national cohesion and effectiveness in addressing the needs of the growing nation.