The era recognized for its cultural rebirth in Europe after the Middle Ages is known as the Renaissance, which spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. This period was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, science, and philosophy, drawing inspiration from Ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread throughout Europe, introducing innovative ideas, artistic techniques, and humanist principles that emphasized individualism and secularism. Key figures of the Renaissance include artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, as well as thinkers like Erasmus and Machiavelli. This cultural movement laid the groundwork for the modern era, influencing various fields, including art, science, politics, and education.