The empire known for its vast territory and cultural influence in West Africa was the Mali Empire. Flourishing from the 13th to the 16th centuries, it became famous for its wealth, especially during the reign of Mansa Musa. This empire played a significant role in the trans-Saharan trade, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas. Its cultural and educational centers, particularly Timbuktu, were vital for the spread of Islam and knowledge throughout the region.