The ancient Macedonian empire was known for its use of phalanx warfare, characterized by a densely packed formation of soldiers armed with long spears, known as sarissas. This military formation was crucial in battle, allowing for a coordinated and formidable front. King Philip II of Macedon innovated and perfected the phalanx system, which was further utilized by his son, Alexander the Great, during his conquests. The effectiveness of the phalanx contributed significantly to their military successes against larger armies, enabling the Macedonian Empire to vast territories and influence throughout the ancient world.