The Islamic Empire, particularly during the Golden Age, is noted for its significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. Scholars like Al-Khwarizmi, known as the father of algebra, advanced mathematical concepts that are foundational today. In astronomy, figures like Al-Battani improved the accuracy of astronomical tables and contributed to the understanding of the solar system. The use of trigonometry and the development of the astrolabe allowed Islamic astronomers to make remarkable advancements in navigation and timekeeping, which had lasting impacts on both science and exploration.