The Mughal Empire dominated large portions of India during the 16th and 17th centuries. Founded by Babur in 1526, the empire reached its zenith under rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan, who are known for their cultural achievements and administrative reforms. The Mughals established a centralized government, promoted trade, and fostered religious tolerance, contributing to a rich fusion of Indian and Persian cultures. Their architectural legacy, including the Taj Mahal, remains iconic. However, the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century facilitated the rise of European colonial powers, particularly the British, which would profoundly impact India’s future.