The empire that conducted large-scale trade across the Mediterranean and Middle East was the Roman Empire. At its height, the Roman Empire controlled vast territories that included regions across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. The extensive network of roads and maritime routes facilitated commerce, the exchange of goods, and cultural interactions. Trade in commodities like grain, wine, olive oil, and textiles flourished under Roman rule, contributing to the economy and exchanges of ideas. The Roman Empire's effective trade systems helped integrate diverse cultures, solidifying its influence on future trade practices and economic development in the region.