Technological advancements during the Second Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century were driven by several key factors, including innovative engineering practices, new energy sources like electricity, and advances in communications technology such as the telegraph and later the telephone. The rise of industries like steel and railroads supported mass production and improved transportation networks. Entrepreneurs and inventors, such as Thomas Edison and Andrew Carnegie, played crucial roles in fostering an environment of innovation. These developments not only transformed industries but also significantly impacted daily life, contributing to urbanization and changing the structure of society.