The Berlin Wall separated East and West Berlin, symbolizing the broader division ofEast and West Germany during the Cold War. Erected in 1961, it was constructed by East Germany to prevent the mass emigration of East Germans to the West. The wall became a powerful emblem of the Iron Curtain, reflecting the ideological divide between the communist Eastern Bloc and the democratic Western nations. Its fall in 1989 not only marked the reunification of Germany but also symbolized the decline of communist influence in Eastern Europe, ultimately contributing to the end of the Cold War.