The cultural revival that took place in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century is known as the Renaissance. This period marked a renewed interest in classical learning, art, and humanism, leading to significant advancements in literature, science, and philosophy. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo flourished, while thinkers such as Erasmus and Machiavelli contributed to political theory and humanistic studies. The Renaissance also fostered innovations in perspective in painting and the development of new technologies like the printing press. This rich cultural transformation laid the groundwork for the modern age, emphasizing individual potential and creativity.