The cultural achievements of the Greeks contributed significantly to the world in numerous fields such as philosophy, art, literature, and science. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the groundwork for Western philosophical thought. Greek literature, exemplified by works like Homer’s "Iliad" and "Odyssey," set standards for storytelling and poetry. In art, the Greeks excelled in sculpture and architecture, with iconic structures like the Parthenon embodying aesthetic ideals. Disciplines such as mathematics and astronomy were advanced by figures like Euclid and Ptolemy. These contributions formed a foundation for Western civilization, influencing subsequent cultures and intellectual development.