The conquest in 1533 that resulted in the end of the Inca Empire was led by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro. After capturing Emperor Atahualpa, Pizarro exploited internal divisions within the Inca Empire and advanced into its territories. The combination of superior weaponry, strategic alliances with rival indigenous groups, and the introduction of deadly diseases severely weakened the Incas. Following the execution of Atahualpa and a series of military campaigns, the Spanish established control over the region, paving the way for colonial rule and significant changes to the culture and structure of the society.