What conflict is referred to as the "War to End All Wars"? 🔊
The last Byzantine Emperor was Constantine XI Palaiologos. He reigned from 1449 until 1453 when the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II. Constantine XI is often remembered for his courageous defense of Constantinople during the siege on May 29, 1453. Despite being significantly outnumbered, he and his defenders fought valiantly to protect the city. After the city fell, he reportedly refused to surrender and died fighting. His death marked the end of one of history's longest-lasting empires, the Byzantine Empire, and his legacy embodies the valor and tragedy of the final stand against Ottoman conquest.


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