The conflict in the **Balkans** during the 1990s, particularly the **Yugoslav Wars**, reshaped ethnic borders and national identities through violence and political fragmentation. The **breakup of Yugoslavia** led to brutal conflicts among ethnic groups: Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks, as nationalistic fervor surged. The wars resulted in significant ethnic cleansing, humanitarian crises, and the emergence of new nations, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Kosovo. This decade-long turmoil not only redrew geographic boundaries but also intensified discussions about national identity, ethnic diversity, and the legacy of post-colonialism in Europe.